Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around objects rather than “actions” and data rather than logic. Historically, a program has been viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and produces output data.
The programming challenge was seen as how to write the logic, not how to define the data. Object-oriented programming takes the view that what we really care about are the objects we want to manipulate rather than the logic required to manipulate them. Examples of objects range from human beings (described by name, address, and so forth) to buildings and floors (whose properties can be described and managed) down to the little widgets on a computer desktop (such as buttons and scroll bars).
There are four characteristics of Object Oriented programming language:
Encapsulation – Encapsulation is capturing data and keeping it safely and securely from outside interfaces.
Inheritance- This is the process by which a class can be derived from a base class with all features of base class and some of its own. This increases code reusability.
Polymorphism- This is the ability to exist in various forms. For example an operator can be overloaded so as to add two integer numbers and two floats.
Abstraction- The ability to represent data at a very conceptual level without any details.